Difference Between Double Marker and Triple Marker Test in Pregnancy: A Complete Guide

Prenatal screening is an essential tool to ensure the well-being of the mother and the baby, particularly in identifying genetic disorders. It can efficiently help detect potential health issues associated with the mother as well as the baby inside the womb. 

Prenatal screening tests, such as the double marker and triple marker tests, can diagnose chromosomal disorders, genetic conditions, and maternal health risks, allowing efficient medical care and lifestyle modifications if required.

Both the double and triple marker tests in pregnancy help keep a check on the mother’s health and the fetus’s well-being throughout the pregnancy. Prenatal screening is vital as it offers significant insights into the potential health risks for expectant parents, including the mother’s health and the developing baby. It allows timely intervention, better management, essential care, and preparations for special requirements.

Double marker and triple marker tests are typically performed during the first and second trimesters to help track fetal development, recognize potential genetic and chromosomal issues such as Down syndrome, and detect structural birth defects like spina bifida. In this article, we will explore the difference between the double marker and triple marker tests in pregnancy, so stay tuned.

Doctors or healthcare professionals typically recommend marker tests to detect the possibility of chromosomal abnormalities, including Trisomy 18, Down syndrome, and other chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy. Different marker tests are recommended at different stages of pregnancy, which may lead to the need for follow-up diagnostic tests.

Marker tests during pregnancy are non-invasive procedures that are a valuable tool offering significant information concerning the fetal and maternal health. Abnormal test results help healthcare professionals make important decisions about whether further tests are required, and they can also plan efficient medical care and treatment to ensure a healthy pregnancy.

It's important for would-be parents to understand the difference between the double marker, quad test, and quadruple test, as well as the triple marker tests in pregnancy. This article offers significant insights into the maker tests, so keep reading.

The double marker test is performed in the first trimester between 11th to 14th weeks of pregnancy. Healthcare professionals usually combine the double marker test with a nuchal translucency scan, ultrasound, and measure free beta hCG to get more accurate results.

• The double marker test is done to analyze the risk of chromosomal conditions in the developing baby, including Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).

• It measures Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) and Free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the pregnant woman’s blood.

• It’s a safe method for early screening during pregnancy to assess the possible health risks.

The triple marker test is done in the second trimester during the 15th to 20th weeks of pregnancy. It’s a safe and non-invasive method to detect possible chromosomal abnormalities and birth defects during pregnancy, which the quadruple marker test measures.

• The triple marker test diagnoses the risk of chromosomal problems, including Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 21, and neural tube defects in the developing baby.

• It measures Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)- the protein released by the fetus, Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)- pregnancy hormone, and Unconjugated estriol (Estriol)- the hormone produced by the placenta and the fetus in the mother’s blood.

• Generally, the triple marker test is advised if the double marker test was missed and for the reconfirmation of a possible problem.  

• The triple marker test helps healthcare professionals decide if further testing, such as amniocentesis or NIPT, is required.

Both marker tests are simple blood tests that are maternal blood tests used for prenatal screening to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities and certain birth defects during pregnancy. The double and triple marker tests are different in their timing, the particular biomarkers they assess, and the conditions they detect.

Here are the prime differences between the double marker and triple marker tests in pregnancy and their detection of potential genetic abnormalities :

• Double Marker Test: Performed during the first trimester of pregnancy between 11-14 weeks. Early detection helps efficient planning and decision-making regarding further diagnostic testing.

• Triple Marker Test: Performed during the second trimester of pregnancy between 15-20 weeks. It offers additional information about possible problems and neural tube defects.

• Double Marker Test: It assesses Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A), and its low levels suggest a greater risk of chromosomal conditions. Free beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and its high or low levels suggest chromosomal abnormalities.

• Triple Marker Test: It assesses Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP), and its abnormal levels suggest chromosomal abnormalities or neural tube defects. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and its abnormal levels may suggest chromosomal problems. Estriol and its low levels suggest chromosomal issues.

• Double Marker Test: Primarily screens for Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome.

• Triple Marker Test: Detects Trisomy 18, Down syndrome, and neural tube defects.

• Double Marker Test: Highly accurate for detecting chromosomal problems during the first trimester of pregnancy, especially when performed along with NT ultrasound.

• Triple Marker Test: Offers broader prenatal screening, including chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defects.

• Double Marker Test: Results indicating borderline or high-risk levels may lead to amniocentesis or NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing) for reconfirmation.

• Triple Marker Test: Abnormal test results may necessitate a comprehensive ultrasound, amniocentesis, or NIPT, reliant on the risks detected.

Refer to the below mentioned table below to understand the difference between double marker and triple marker tests in pregnancy:

Both the double marker and triple marker tests are important at different stages of pregnancy. The double marker test is helpful and highly accurate for early detection, while the triple marker test is important for broader screening in later stages. The double marker test detects chromosomal abnormalities, including Down syndrome, allowing informative decisions regarding potential pregnancy complications and further testing. On the other hand, triple marker tests chromosomal conditions and neural tube defects, offering a comprehensive assessment.

Marker tests offer valuable insights into prenatal screening; however, the choice of specific tests depends on risk factors, medical and family history, and stages of pregnancy. Consult your healthcare provider to interpret your test results and follow their instructions carefully for a definitive diagnosis. It is not advised to decide on prenatal procedures without consulting your doctor to ensure the safety and well-being of the mother and the baby.

Book your double or triple marker test in India at MyDiagnostics at affordable prices, ensuring the safety, accuracy, and quick results.

***Medical Disclaimer - The following information is for educational purposes only. No information provided on this website, including text, graphics, and images, is intended as a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult with your doctor about specific medical advice about your condition(s).